Percepción del enfermero peruano en el cuidado del paciente con covid-19 / Percepção da enfermeira peruana no cuidado de pacientes com covid-19 / Perception of the peruvian nurse in the care of the patient with covid-19

Objetivo: analizar la percepción del enfermero sobre la atención del paciente hospitalizado por COVID-19 en tres hospitales peruanos. Método: estudio descriptivo de análisis cualitativo con 47 enfermeras entrevistadas entre febrero a junio de 2021. Se utilizó la técnica del Análisis de Contenido Temático con uso del software Interface de R pour les Analyses multidimensionnelles de textes et de questionnaires. Resultados: fueron identificadas cinco clases temáticas: 1- Miedo de contagiar a los familiares con el virus de la COVID-19; 2- Frustración e impotencia de los profesionales de enfermería; 3- El papel de la enfermería: pasado, presente y futuro en el cuidado del paciente; 4- Capacitación para el establecimiento de nuevos protocolos y uso de Equipos de Protección Personal; 5- Doloroso proceso de adaptación para los profesionales de la salud. Consideraciones finales: el enfermero percibió que durante la pandemia su trabajo fue sufrido con carencias de recursos humanos, materiales y dilemas éticos.

Objetivo: analisar a percepção do enfermeiro sobre o atendimento do paciente hospitalizado por COVID-19 em três hospitais peruanos. Método: estudo descritivo de análise qualitativa com 47 enfermeiras entrevistadas entre fevereiro e junho de 2021. Utilizou-se a técnica da Análise de Conteúdo Temático com uso do software Interface de R pour les Analyses multidimensionnelles de textes et de questionnaires. Resultados: foram identificadas cinco classes temáticas: 1- Medo de contagiar os familiares com o vírus da COVID-19; 2- Frustração e impotência dos profissionais de enfermagem; 3- O papel da enfermagem: passado, presente e futuro no cuidado do paciente; 4- Capacitação para o estabelecimento de novos protocolos e uso de Equipamentos de Proteção Pessoal; 5- Doloroso processo de adaptação para os profissionais de saúde. Considerações finais: o enfermeiro percebeu que durante a pandemia seu trabalho foi sofrido com carências de recursos humanos, materiais e dilemas éticos.

Objective to analyze the perception of the nurse on the care of the patient hospitalized by COVID-19 in three Peruvian hospitals. Method: Descriptive qualitative analysis study with 47 nurses interviewed between February and June 2021. The Thematic Content Analysis technique was used using the R pour les Analyses multidimensionnelles de textes et de questionnaires. Results: five thematic classes were identified: 1- Fear of infecting relatives with the COVID-19 virus; 2- Frustration and impotence of nursing professionals; 3- The role of nursing: past, present and future in patient care; 4- Training for the establishment of new protocols and use of Personal Protection Equipment; 5- Painful adaptation process for health professionals. Final considerations: the nurse perceived that during the pandemic his work was suffered with shortages of human resources, materials and ethical dilemmas.

The Mental Health of the Peruvian Older Adult during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

During the pandemic, the elderly population was the most exposed to disease and changes in their daily lives. The objective was to determine the association between demographic factors, access to health services, sources of information, and physical symptoms in the mental health of the elderly during the COVID-19 pandemic-a study with 3828 older adults residing in nine cities in Peru. The data was collected using a web-based survey, and the instruments of demographic data; exposure to information (radio, television, and internet); and presence of physical symptoms, anxiety, and perceived stress were used. Descriptive and analytical analysis was performed. Female sex, those aged between 60 and 79 years old, those with secondary education, those in their own home, those residing in an urban area, and those using public services of health predominated in this study. Likewise, 62.9% presented depressive symptoms; on the stress scale, an average of 27.81 (SD = 8.71), and on the anxiety scale, an average of 27.24 (SD = 6.04). Moreover, 65.1% reported fatigue, 62.2% had a headache, and 61.2% lack of energy. There is an association between demographic variables and the physical and psychological symptoms of stress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms in the elderly during the pandemic.

Calidad de vida del estudiante universitario antes y durante la pandemia de Covid-19 / College student quality of life before and during the Covid-19 pandemic

RESUMEN Objetivo: Comparar la calidad de vida del estudiante universitario antes y durante la pandemia de Covid-19. Materiales y métodos: Descriptivo, prospectivo, comparativo. La muestra estuvo conformada por 390 estudiantes de una universidad pública peruana. Se aplicó el Índice de Calidad de Vida de Mezzich (Alfa de Cronbach= 0,870). Los datos fueron recogidos antes y durante la pandemia . Resultados: La edad promedio de los estudiantes fue de 19.3+1.6 años, 73 % de sexo femenino, 98,7 % solteros, 90,3 % convivía con la familia y 87,9 % no trabajaba. El 24,9 % estudiaba medicina humana, 16,7 % enfermería, 11,8 % trabajo social y el 46,6 % restante estudió otras carreras. Al comparar la calidad de vida general y sus dimensiones de los estudiantes, se encontró que durante la pandemia las puntuaciones promedio disminuyeron con diferencias estadísticas significativas, a excepción de Bienestar físico y Apoyo social-emocional. Así mismo, hubo disminución de la calidad de vida en las variables ocupación, forma de convivencia y carrera (p<0.05). Los varones obtuvieron mejores puntuaciones de calidad de vida, a excepción de la dimensión Funcionamiento interpersonal (p<0.05). Conclusiones: la calidad de vida de los estudiantes universitarios en la pandemia de Covid-19 se vio afectada en su vida personal y en su preparación como futuros profesionales, enfrentando grandes retos de adaptación; siendo las mujeres las más afectadas.

ABSTRACT Objective: To compare the quality of life of the university student before and during the Covid-19 pandemic. Materials and methods: Descriptive, prospective, comparative. The sample consisted of 390 students from a Peruvian public university. The Mezzich Quality of Life Index (Cronbach's Alpha = 0.870) was applied. The data was collected before and during the Covid-19 pandemic. Results: The average age of the students was 19.3 + 1.6 years, 73 % female, 98.7 % single, 90.3 % lived with the family and 87.9% did not work. 24.9 % studied human medicine, 16.7 % nursing, 11.8 % social work and the remaining 46.6 % studied other careers. When comparing the students' general quality of life and its dimensions, it was found that during the pandemic, the average scores decreased with statistically significant differences, except for Physical well-being and Social-emotional support. Likewise, there was a decrease in the quality of life in the variable's occupation, the form of coexistence, and career (p <0.05). Men obtained better quality of life scores except for the Interpersonal Functioning dimension (p <0.05). Conclusions: the quality of life of university students in the Covid-19 pandemic was affected in their personal life and their preparation as future professionals, facing great adaptation challenges, with women being the most affected.

El amor, resonancia esencial del cuidado para la vida, desde la experiencia del familiar donante renal vivo. Lima (Perú) / Love, the essential resonance of care for life, from the experience of the familiar living kidney donor. Lima (Peru)

Resumen Objetivos: El proceso de donación de órganos es el punto de partida de este estudio, cuyo objetivo fue describir y analizar las resonancias de cuidado que el familiar donante renal vivo establece con el familiar receptor en el proceso de donación. Material y métodos: Se desarrolló como una investigación cualitativa descriptiva exploratoria. La muestra estuvo conformada por seis familiares donantes renales vivos residentes en Lima (Perú), determinada por criterio de saturación teórica. La recolección de datos se hizo mediante la entrevista a profundidad realizada en los hogares de los participantes en 2017. Los datos fueron organizados, clasificados, categorizados según criterio de Minayo y las bases teóricas de Boff. Se utilizó el análisis de discurso oral de Orlandi para la construcción de las categorías empíricas que emergieron de los textos. Resultados: Del análisis de discurso emerge el constructo Cuidado-Vida y la resonancia del amor en complementariedad y simultaneidad de las resonancias de Compasión, Ternura, Caricia, Esperanza, categorías que tienen como respaldo teórico, epistémico y filosófico las resonancias del cuidado humano. Conclusiones: Entre las conclusiones del estudio destaca que la resonancia del amor es la categoría principal que emerge desde el familiar donante renal vivo en el constructo Cuidado; vida, se concretiza en el cuidado para la supervivencia, conservación y bien-vivir del familiar receptor de órganos, en el que la resonancia del amor se revela como la gran fuerza que transforma la vida, une y solidariza en conjunción con la compasión, caricia, ternura, esperanza, resonancias que humanizan el cuidado de la familia, sensibilizan el acto de donación de órganos.

Abstract Objectives: The process of organ donation is the starting point of this study, whose objective was to describe and analyze the resonances of care that the living renal donor family establishes with the recipient family member in the donation process. Material and methods: It was developed as an exploratory descriptive qualitative research; the sample consisted of six living renal donor relatives residing in Lima-Peru, determined by criterion of theoretical saturation. The data collection was done through in-depth interviews conducted in the homes of the participants in 2017. The data was organized, classified, categorized according to Minayo criteria and the theoretical basis of Boff. Orlandi's oral discourse analysis was used to construct the empirical categories that emerged from the texts. Results: From the analysis of discourse, the Care-Life construct emerges and the resonance of love simultaneously complements the resonances of Compassion, Tenderness, Caress, Hope, categories that have as theoretical, epistemic and philosophical support the resonances of care human. Conclusions: Among the conclusions of the study, the resonance of love is the main category that emerges from the kidney donor relative in the Care-life construct, it is cemented in the care for the survival, conservation and well-being of the recipient family of organs, where the resonance of love is revealed as the great force that transforms life, unites and solidifies in conjunction with compassion, caress, tenderness, hope, resonances that humanize the care of the family, sensitize the act of organ donation.

Percepción del estado de salud y comportamiento sexual y reproductivo en adolescentes embarazadas / Perceived health and sexual and reproductive behavior in pregnant adolescents

Resumen:

Introducción: el embarazo en adolescentes es un tema de interés por las implicaciones que tiene en la salud de la futura madre y su hijo, así como en su desarrollo integral y social. Objetivo: describir la percepción del estado de salud y el comportamiento sexual y reproductivo de las adolescentes embarazadas en una comunidad del Estado de México. Metodología: estudio descriptivo en una muestra aleatoria de 200 casos de 1001 adolescentes embarazadas de 13 a 19 años registradas en centros de salud. Los datos se recolectaron con una encuesta y se analizaron con el programa SPSS versión 15.Resultados: el 90% de las adolescentes se embaraza en su primera relación sexual en un rango de 3 años al inicio de la menarquia. El entorno social, económico y estado de salud de las adolescen¬tes embarazadas se caracteriza por ser de un nivel económico bajo, con escolaridad básica, capital social insuficiente para el desarrollo integral, pertenecer a un grupo desfavorecido por la pobreza y la desigualdad; durante su embarazo pueden presentar síntomas de preclamsia, bajo peso, infec-ciones de vías urinarias, desnutrición y pocas consultas prenatales. Conclusiones: el embarazo y los problemas de salud en la adolescente se asocian a desventajas de tipo económico y social. Las implicaciones son multidimensionales, en estas se puede incidir a través de programas de salud sexual y reproductiva para adolescentes, con una perspectiva de procesos y respetando los principios de derechos de universalidad, salud y educación.

Abstract:

Introduction: Adolescent pregnancy is an issue of concern for the implications on the health of the mother and son and their integral and social development. Objective: To determine the influence of sexual behavior and reproductive health status of pregnant adolescents in a community in the State of Mexico.

Methodology: Descriptive study in a random sample of 200 cases of 1001 pregnant adolescents 13 to 19 years registered in health centers. Data were collected with a survey and analyzed using SPSS version 15.

Results: 0.7 correlations exist between sexual and reproductive lives, 90% of girls become pregnant in their first sexual intercourse at a range of three years at the onset of menarche. The social, economic and health status of pregnant adolescents, impact is characterized as an economic capital under, with basic or less education, insufficient capita I for integral development, belonging to a disadvantaged group of poverty and inequality; during pregnancy may have symptoms of preeclampsia, low weight, urinary tract infections, malnutrition and few prenatal visits. Conclusions: Pregnancy and health problems in adolescents are associated with disadvantages in economic, social. The implications are multidimensional, in which they can influence through programs of sexual and reproductive health for adolescents, a process perspective and respect for the principles of universality of rights, health and education.

La enseñanza de la historia de enfermería en el Perú / History of nuning teaching in Peru / O emino da hi~tória da enfermagem no Peru

Expõe-se uma aproximação do ensino da História de Enfermagem no Peru, contextualizada no estudo a partir da criação das primeiras Escolas, sob o modelo Nightingaleano inglês (1907) e o francês (1916). Destaca-se as tendências socioeconômicas de sua realidade, na prática assistencial e formação acadêmica. Os conteúdos de sua História inluem o modelo inglês universal e nacional, além de relatórios sobre a criação de escolas, grêmios e outras organizações, conteúdos sobre a celeração do Dia Internacional, Dia Nacional da Enfermagem Peruana e biografia de enfermeiras destacadas. as experiências de ensino compreendem conferências, seminários, com uma duração média de 12 horas. Reconhece-se autocríticamente que os conhecimentos fatuais e reconhecimentos institucionais ainda não são sistematizados e categorizados. Na atualidade, existe interesse das Escolas por estabeler uma prática docente que acumule este saber.